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嫩草研究院一二三切换路线转

陈嘉宜

Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, ";Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]

天美联盟全球购订货系统

胡振宇

加蓬位于中部非洲的大西洋海岸。赤道穿越，为赤道多雨气候,国土面积的85％为热带雨林所覆盖。它有3个截然不同的自然地理分区：沿海平原（范围在离海岸20到300公里之间），山区（利伯维尔东北方的Cristal山脉，中部的Chaillu Massif山脉，其最高处在lbounDJI山的顶峰，1575米）和东部的稀树大草原。沿海平原构成了世界野生动物基金会的大西洋赤道森林带中生态区域的一大部分，还包含了多片位于中部非洲的红树林，其相当一部分分布在与赤道几内亚交界的穆尼河河口处。加蓬（法语：République Gabonaise）是位于非洲中西部的一个国家。其西面是几内亚湾、西北是赤道几内亚、北面是喀麦隆、东面和南面由刚果共和国包围。国土面积大概是27万平方千米，估计人口有150万人。首都和最大城市是利伯维尔。加蓬的经济比其周围的国家繁荣的多，他的人均国民收入是撒哈拉以南非洲平均水平的4倍。这很大程度上要归功于他的海上石油生产。加蓬在1975年到1995年期间是石油输出国组织的正式成员。他是锰、铁和木材的出口国。加蓬最大的河流是奥果韦河，长1200公里。加蓬有3处喀斯特地貌区，几百个洞穴布满在白云石和石灰石上，如Lastoursvil le,Lebamba,Bongolo以及Kessipougou等。许多洞穴至今还没有被人探索过。一个国家地理探险队在08年夏天调查了这些岩洞并把它们记录下来。加蓬同样以对保护自然环境所作出的努力而闻名。2002年，加蓬总统奥马尔·班戈·奥迪巴指定其国土不低于11％的面积作为国家公园的一部分（总共有13个国家公园），是世界上最大的自然公园之一，使加蓬成为了未来重点生态旅游目的地之一。自然资源包括：石油、镁矿、铁矿、黄金矿、铀矿和森林资源。人口20余万的让蒂尔，是加蓬的第一大港口和重要矿业城市。让蒂尔原称伊益泽，后被葡萄牙航海家洛波·贡萨尔夫发现，便易名为贡萨尔夫。1873年被法国占领。1900年左右，许多欧洲人和周围地区的非洲人来到这里，逐渐形成了一座城市，并以前法属赤道非洲总督让蒂尔的名字命名这个海港。1956年法属赤道非洲石油公司在让蒂尔地区发现两处油田：60年代在这里又发现了一系列海上油田。70年代，石油产量猛增，使加蓬进入非洲著名的产油国行列，让蒂尔亦逐渐成为加蓬的“经济中心”。加蓬最主要的经济活动，石油的开发和提炼，木材的加工和出口，均集中在这里。加蓬90%的石油从这里出口。世界第二胶合板厂——加蓬林业公司胶合板厂也建在让蒂尔，该厂产品一半以上远销欧洲及美国、加拿大、日本等国。我是一名中石化员工，2008年9月，因我所在的中方公司与加蓬石油公司有合作项目，我才有机会来到非洲加蓬国，在让蒂尔周边地区进行了，为期五个多月的石油地震勘探工作。回国前在让蒂尔市区休整期间（就两天），逮到机会就和同事一起去了海边，感受了一下异国风情的海滨浴场，可惜时间紧没能下海游一场。美女图片在44楼让蒂尔港（Port-Gentil）是加蓬的第二大城市和主要海港，也是该国的石油和木材工业中心，1993年估计人口80,000。让蒂尔港位于奥果韦河河口的一个近岸岛屿（Mandji），但该岛附近大陆都是森林地区，没有桥梁连接两地。该城由法国人在19世纪建立，以殖民地长官埃米尔·让蒂尔的名字命名。浴场的这个区域很安静，设施比较高档，一眼就能看出是属于白人区。。。一个人安静地躺在那儿，晒着日光浴。。。。。蓝天与白云，海水与沙滩，令人心旷神怡的地方。。。。浴场很大，还设有吧台、餐饮区、休闲区；晚上还有演唱舞台，供游人自娱自乐，黑人的舞技乐感很棒，可以想象那情景很嗨的。。。 ([

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袁冠廷

浮梁八卦形古城坐落保存最完整的清代五品古县衙，曾经繁华梦，万国求瓷茶.本帖精华及主要图片放在帖子后面，请读贴的朋友关注！一块饱经岁月留存下来的砖头也往往比拆掉重建的城郭更让人感动，体制是文化的躯壳，游览过后照亮的确是现在-------------轻松，浮梁县旧县城，自唐代以来，一直是浮梁县治所在。浮梁自古以来一直是“望县”，其县署品级为五品，高出一般县署 2级（一般县为七品）。较高的政治地位是因为其重要的经济地位，原由便是当地灿烂的陶瓷文化和茶文化。（中国古代的三大国际贸易为：瓷器、茶叶和丝绸。）景区以五品古县衙和千年红塔为核心，浓缩了千年古县悠久的人文历史和灿烂的茶瓷文化，被誉为“江南第一衙”。轻松，谢谢同行的小妖拍的到此一游的留影照片，代表一行5人也谢谢好友明月提供的车辆。城门楼高 15.6米，由城墙、主楼和角楼组成。主楼座落在8米高的城墙之上下筑券门洞，洞顶甚高，底阔 3米多。中部为主楼。门楼面阔5间，进深3米，重檐三滴水，歇山顶；据称是唐代留下的古狮雕刻，形态动态雄壮有力，动态可掬，这算是这里最老的遗存；巍峨耸立的宋代红塔有“江西第一塔”之称红塔又名西塔，“西塔夕照”为历史上著名的昌江八景之一。记载了浮梁一千三百多年要事珍闻和浮梁作为瓷都之源的发展历程。全塔共七层，从地坪至复盆顶塔高37.8米。塔身皆用大型青砖实砌，每层均用青砖叠砌出外挑平台，不设钩栏。红塔反映了北宋初期塔的建筑外貌和艺术造型的时代特征，是座具有融合中国古塔特殊风格和江南建筑特色的佛塔。“西塔夕照”为古代昌江著名风景之一，若春和景明或秋高气爽，则有“文照胜朝晖，紫烟连霄汉”的壮观。红塔的历史渊源和典故；现保留有头门、仪门、衙院、大堂、二堂及三堂，基本保持了县衙原有风貌。整座建筑布局多路，错落有致，廊道相接浑然一体。江西省景德镇浮梁旧县城始建于唐朝元和十一年（公元817年），距今有一千一百八十多年的历史。这里已发展为以名胜古迹为特色，以历史文化为内涵的独特旅游区。浮梁古城八卦形的城廓轮廓；古县衙的建筑具有徽派与赣派相结合的特点，最具特点的是县署里面的楹联，其丰富的内涵，涵盖了封建社会地方官处事方法和原则；唐代诗人白居易在《琵琶行》中有诗句曾叹：“商人重利轻别离，前月浮梁买茶去”。根据《新唐书·食物志》记载：“浮梁每岁产茶七百万驮，税十五万贯”（这个数字相当于当时朝廷茶叶税的八分之三，为全国之首）。浮梁古县衙景区地处长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、闽东南“金三角”，长江中游经济区和京九铁路经济带结合部中心地区；仔细观察会发现，这座县衙的规制有越级之处，浮梁原本只是一个县，按理县官只有七品的官阶，但浮梁的县衙确是五品的规制古县衙，建于清朝道光年间，距今 170年，占地64495平方米（95亩）全木质结构，徽派建筑木式结构体系；整个设计给人的感觉是庄严和轻松并存，厚重与俏雅生辉，建筑艺术实为“奇妙”，同时也显示出封建衙门特有的那种官府威严气派。体制完整，刑房，兵房，工房均具备；想想现在的公务员的数量，不得不让人心生感慨； “帝制早废，县衙犹存”，“珍贵史迹，进门有益” 这里的建筑院落，充分体现了徽派建筑的四水归一的理念；衙署内陈列了古代官服、刑具、十八般兵器、讯杖、官轿、夹棍，五品的县令也许相当于现在的副省级地市级别；根据《新唐书·食物志》记载：“浮梁每岁产茶七百万驮，税十五万贯”（这个数字相当于当时朝廷茶叶税的八分之三，为全国之首）。议事厅，相当于现在的常委会议室；([]

爱豆传媒剧情在线看

林建宏

2011年的八月，正赶上亚航的年度大促、本想在去年4月就前往而由于种种原因未能成行的新西兰自驾的诱惑再次出现，2012年5.13-5.28吉隆坡—基督城往返含税九百多令吉，与中学的死党两人一拍即合，立刻下手将特价机票抢到手。从此，漫长的八个月的等待从此开始……等待的感觉就是痛苦并幸福着，随着日子一天一天的临近，我终于要开始我筹划了将近一年的“中土世界”之旅！此次自驾路线还是网上常见的逆时针经典路线、毕竟考虑到还带着LD一起出游，不能过多的安排徒步路线，所以基本上路线还是以休闲为主。(自驾行程总共3495KM)D1（5.14） Christchurch--Kaikoura D2（5.15）：KaikouraD3（5.16）：Kaikoura --Greymouth D4（5.17）：Greymouth ---Fox GlacierD5（5.18）：Fox Glacier ---Wanaka D6（5.19）：Wanaka---QueenstownD7（5.20）：Queenstown D8（5.21）：Queenstown ---Invercargill-D9（5.22）：Invercargill---Dunedin D10（5.23）：Dunedin---OamaroD11（5.24）：Oamaro--- Twizel—Mt Cook D12（5.25）：Twizel ---Lake Tekapo---FairlieD13(5.26)Fairlie---Akaroa D14(5.27)Akaroa---Christchurch按照发帖惯例，先上几张封面图片吸引大伙儿的眼球~继续吸引~~还有哦~~吸引到你了吗？还没？那我再来！嘿嘿，还有还有~~最后一招了~我最喜欢的一张作品~各位看的可还满意？下面我的游记正式开始.......................当当当~~首先开始人物介绍，我们此次出行是旅行的黄金组合，4人，我和我同学两对夫妻。人物1：楼主，烟鬼+摄鬼+司机+厨子+电工师傅。人物2：楼主同学RYU，外交主力+银行+司机+打杂+保镖。人物3：楼主家LD，小跟班一号人物4：RYU家LD，小跟班二号第零天（5.13）由南半球飞往北半球的途中经过5个小时的飞行，我们从杭州飞到了吉隆坡（LCCT），随即便马不停蹄的转机前往基督城......八个月的等待就为这一天终于起飞飞往基督城了！飞机即将穿过澳洲大陆，离新西兰越来越近了！在亚航拥挤的机舱中，经过11个小时的煎熬，终于在5.13日2250分降落在基督城国际机场。这是我第一次乘坐亚航的航班，也应该是我最后一次乘坐亚航的航班。相比去年的前往土耳其的卡塔尔航空（公里数差不多，但服务却相差很大，尽管我已经做好了乘坐廉航的种种设想）。到达以后，早在国内便通过论坛相识的地球另一边MM的爱人（基督城伯爵）驾车来机场接我们，还借了我们大保温箱和电饭锅，一路上是我们最重要的装备。第一天就让我们感受到了新西兰的热情和真诚。第一天（5.14）初识新西兰惊艳...... 基督城--凯库拉旅行的第一天总是兴奋的，我早早的起床。清晨的基督城有点儿冷，看着路上的车子渐渐地增多，我渐渐迷失……一会儿才回过神来，我的新西兰南岛自驾之旅已经开始了！早早的叫醒了RYU打电话给APEX公司，一会儿，一辆宝蓝色森林人就来接我们了，这就是接下来要陪伴我们14天的车了。由于很多网友都提到了APEX公司在还车后表示油未加满而擅自多算钱，我们还是本着多一事不如少一事的想法，8折买了第一桶油。而事实证明，这样似乎挺明智，我们还车的时候，油表已经亮灯了，哈哈！由于买的是全险，所以车子就看了下没什么大毛病就开走了。对于我和RYU这种开了十余年车的老司机来说，右舵车的不适感只要十分钟就能克服了，一切EASY！和基督城伯爵合影后向凯库拉进发！先是去了New World超市购买今明几天所需的调味品，油盐酱醋、食物等。第一天来到新西兰，激动万分，觉得超市的停车场都很美！没开出几公里，老婆就嚷嚷着要在路边的咖啡小店买杯咖啡喝喝，还说这是新西兰慢生活的开始，哈哈。开出基督城不久，天气就开始阴沉下来了，一副要下大雨的样子。难道这是新西兰给我们刚到来的新人的下马威吗？到了凯库拉不会也是阴天下雨吧。怀着忐忑的心情，我们继续往凯库拉开去。路上遇见的一辆古董级的房车~开车的大爷个性十足，留着长胡子、穿着皮夹克，带着蛤蟮！嗯！这就是我想象中的新西兰的生活方式Ｉ惜没有把大爷拍下来大约开了2个多小时，大海毫无预兆的出现在我们的眼前。凯库拉到了......初见凯库拉海岸线...... 凯库拉的住宿 Barnacle Bills 推荐指数：★★★★☆我们住的两卧室套房，每晚只要125刀，真是很便宜，而且房子也很大，厨房用品齐全。云层很厚，照片拍出来都是灰蒙蒙的，这就是我们在凯库拉住的地方花丛后面就是我们的房间旅馆的一些小摆设，店主以前是个船长，退休以后把自己船上的东西都拆了下来当成了装饰品，小小的物品透出浓浓的时间味道门口的大铁锚太阳公公出来小露了一下脸，马上又缩回去了由于我们在路上耽搁的时间太长了，而5月又是新西兰的旅游淡季，我们安顿好住宿赶往观鲸公司时，被告知淡季最晚的一班观鲸船是中午12点。没办法，我们只好预定了第二天早上10点的那班船。本以为不能观鲸总能出海捕龙虾吧，致电给几个捕龙虾的地方，一致的回答是今天天气不好，不能出海捕龙虾。在得知这一结果以后，我们四人开始无所事事的在凯库拉的海岸线上闲逛，发现石头滩的岩石上有很多芝麻螺，这让无所事事的我们很兴奋，抓了够四个人吃的量，高高兴兴的回住宿地去了。天快黑的时候，发现天气变好了，这真是一个好兆头，希望明天能顺利观鲸与出海捕龙虾......第二天（5.15）：凯库拉鲸鱼！装鲨海豹！海豚！龙虾！FISH！今天的天气还是没有我们期盼的蓝天白云，依旧是灰蒙蒙的一片，甚至还下点小雨，这让我们对今天的观鲸之旅充满了担忧......看这天气......今天能看到鲸鱼么？这家就是凯库拉唯一的一家由毛利人开的观鲸公司，毛利人以前以宰杀鲸鱼为生，后来当地政府号召毛利人不要杀鲸鱼，转而授予他们开设观鲸公司的权力，这一决定才能使我们今天能看到野生的抹香鲸、杀人鲸。船开出去不久，船长就兴奋的通知我们，发现了今天的第一条鲸鱼~不过我的英语水平太菜，不知道发现的是啥鲸鱼，有同学能认出来不？（查了资料，这是一条抹香鲸）不过这家伙等我们的船一靠近，立马就闪了~而且是很温柔的潜了下去，尾鳍都没怎么甩，第一条鲸鱼拍摄失败！鲸鱼下潜以后，船长都会示意大家回到船舱去，由讲解员继续给大家讲解鲸鱼的知识，而其余船员则继续开船寻找别的鲸鱼的方位。观鲸船继续行驶了不到十五分钟，船长又在广播中通知发现今天的第二条鲸鱼了！但是我仍然没有听懂发现的是哪种鲸鱼~嘿嘿(后来仔细查看，发现还是一条抹香鲸)这次这家伙比较乖，我们的船靠的很近了，它还是气定神闲的吐着汽。最后，它不负一船人的期望，给大家上演了一次完美的神龙摆尾入水！废话不多说，上图才是王道！神龙摆尾来咯~~~（图比较多，一个回复只能上三张图，下面还有）完美收官~这条抹香鲸实在是太给力了！看过了第二条鲸鱼的精彩表演，船长决定让我们一船人轻松下，今天的另一猪脚登场！一只把自己装成鲨鱼的海豹！是的，你没看错！我也没写错！这是一只得了妄想症的海豹，它让我想起了印度那个一直举着手的巴巴~~~~看完这只得了妄想症的海豹，船长带着我们继续寻找鲸鱼去了，这次寻找的貌似是杀人鲸，我认为最漂亮的鲸鱼。不过这种鲸鱼很难找，在寻找的途中，我们碰见了另外一艘观鲸船，也是和我们同样的目的，寻找杀人鲸！在两艘船的共同寻找下，杀人鲸终于找到了。不过，等我们靠近它身边时，漂亮的杀人鲸迅速的下潜了，很遗憾，我只拍到了一张即将消失的尾鳍~ 最后，船长将我们带到海豚的聚集区，数百只海豚和海鸟在海面上飞跃~实在是太震撼了。以前只在动物世界中见到成群的海豚和海鸟一起进食的场景，今天竟然亲眼所见，真不愧有100%纯净新西兰的称号！这只海鸟轻功了得呀~再见~亲爱的海豚...........([]

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今年2.29—3.25，完成了向往已久的尼泊尔EBC徒步和景区旅游，我们的路线是：成都—加都—卢卡拉—EBC(三人原路返回，一人穿越CHO LA PAAS从GOKYO返回)—卢卡拉—加都—博卡拉—蓝毗尼—奇特旺—加都—成都。产生徒步尼泊尔EBC的愿望，最早是因为两年前在我参加活动的杭州起点登山队的论坛上看到“小妖精FAY”的一个帖子《天堂的约会-尼泊尔14日无背夫无向导徒步》（本论坛也有此帖），当时立马“中毒”，心想“杭州小妖精”去得，难道“杭州老妖怪”就去不得？年轻人能够重装无向导，我老头轻装用背夫总可以吧？话是这么说，形成决定还需多方了解情况，掂斤估两。我自己的情况是：65岁，数年前被医生宣布为高血压病人，需每天服药降压；从03年起间或参加过不少杭州周围野山的登山活动，体能在团队中属中下等； 2009年5月去川藏，在定日珠峰大本营徒步5公里，2010年春节从德钦雨崩徒步到梅里雪山大本营，这两次高原行走都感觉高反轻微；去年五一，作为EBC徒步的热身去爬了浙西清凉峰（海拔1787.4米， 8.5小时上下），下山时陡坡砾石路很难走，把四个脚趾盖都顶黑了，筋疲力尽，但还是跟上队伍走完了全程（能不跟上吗？）。浏览了不少有关EBC徒步的网帖，反复权衡，最终的结论是：走EBC不需要超强的体力，但需要有一点意志和耐力，需要有高原行走适应高反的经历，因此我基本上是能够胜任的，尽管从古狗卫星图上看下去，我们将要走的路是如此严酷狰狞。根据旅行必须“有钱有闲”的条件，我把出发日期定在2012年初，在杭州19楼，8264，磨房，台湾背包客栈上都发了招伴帖，帖子发出后，前前后后来联系的有二十多人，包括香港，日本，台湾的驴友，但因为我的日程较长，上班族假期不够或不对应，最后成行的只有四人，其实，这样的徒步旅行结伴最好也就是4-6人，人多了容易意见分歧各行其是。在搜集尼泊尔旅行资料做攻略的过程中，除了上面提到“杭州小妖精”的帖子，对我帮助最大的就是简如邠女士的书《尼泊尔玩全秘笈》，尽管这本书的大陆版本完全以“中国”的面目出现，没有一字提到台湾，但一看行文风格便知这本书是台湾作者写的。在此真心对这两位女菩萨致谢。出发前一天晒装备，说明如下：60升背包自重2.2公斤,总重11.5公斤，EBC路上拿出自己背装相机水壶的小背包，托付给背夫的重量是8.5公斤。考虑到走EBC本人体力有限，没有带笨重的单反，只带了两个傻瓜机，打印机用来现场打印小照片讨尼泊尔小盆友的喜欢。事后最满意的装备：骆驼全防水登山鞋（740元），天石海子羽绒睡袋（淘宝886元，舒适温零下4°C--零下11°C,充绒800克，自重1.4公斤），宜家0.5升保暖瓶（29元，看瓶贴属日本退货，却是我用过的水瓶中保温效果最好的，让我能在雪山上喝到热水）。为了保持对外联络并免去网本的重量，专门买了一个爱疯4替换原来300元的双卡山寨手机.因为后来三人放弃了计划中的CHO LA PASS, 所以雪套冰爪都没用上。D0 (2月29日）上海--成都又一次来到这个驴友中转城市，免不了再去逛逛锦里。D1 (3月1日）成都--加德满都（Kathmandu)950从成都起飞， 1130左右飞越喜马拉雅山脉。80年代某个夏天曾首次飞越喜马拉雅，那时只看到一片赭色的高原，如同火星表面，没有任何生命迹象，也十分震撼，现在则疑惑当时为什么没有看到积雪呢？飞临加都河谷上空加都国际机场，尼泊尔欢迎你网上招伴集结的四个人（来自杭州，嘉兴，漳州）在加都机场外，一副神采飞扬的样子， EBC的冰天雪地正等着狠狠地折磨这四个小子。到达塔梅尔区东口。在所住旅馆对门的旅行代理处买了明天去LUKLA的小飞机票（往返205美元），换了足够的卢比。大街上的尼共竞选广告。外国游客受到尼泊尔武警的严密保护：）自己去尼泊尔旅游局办理进山证（TIMS)，每份1600卢比。如果委托旅游代理办，每份要2000卢比，但如果你和代理有其他生意可做，如委托其代办旅馆，机票，团队游，雇佣向导背夫等等，代理也可能向你提供只要1000卢比或10美元的进山证，其中有何奥妙他们自己知道。街上的骑警，把照片在电视机上放大看才看出骑警是位女性，正用冷峻的眼神瞟我这位“老外”的镜头。人行天桥上的盲人乞丐。穿过加都最热闹的传统集市阿森街（ASON TOL)。杜邦广场纳拉扬神庙距离这个“苦行僧”的背影十几米远按下了快门，不料他却听到了“咔嚓”声立马转过身朝我走来，“哈哈，可逮着你了，100卢比！”--看他的表情我猜想他心里是这样想的，他走近向我讨钱，我假装听不懂他的话一脸茫然双手乱挥，最后不了了之。湿婆和帕尔瓦蒂在他们的神庙上方俯视着芸芸众生。尼泊尔人90%信印度教，湿婆（SHIVA）是三大神祗之一，主管生殖与毁灭，虽是外形是女的，却是个男儿身（像佛教的观音菩萨？），以男性生殖器（LINGGAM)为象征；帕尔瓦蒂是湿婆的配偶，是喜马拉雅雪山神女，代表幸福美满的婚姻，以女性生殖器（YONI)为象征。D2 （3月2日） KATHMANDU--LUKLA (海拔2840)--PHAKDING(2610)--MONJO(2840)加都国内机场大厅买的是YETI的机票，坐的是TARA的飞机，驾驶员是典型尼泊尔美男。登机完毕，乘客中有不少当地女藏民，是去转山拜佛的。第一次坐这样的小飞机，觉得命都悬在窗外这个黑铁皮包的螺旋桨上。降落了我们的飞机卢卡拉山地机场，仅有400米斜坡跑道，据称居世界上最危险的十个机场之首。在机场出口和出发前在网上约好的两名向导背夫会面，决定今天和随后的行程安排。尼泊尔时间早上10：00启程，从机场边的小路上山。刚才得到消息, 本月14号尼泊尔AGNI公司的一架小飞机从博克拉（POKHARA)飞往江森（JOMSOM, ABC徒步的一个起点）途中因技术故障失事撞山，机上至少17人遇难。无语。愿逝者安息，一路走好。难免会想，同在2012年，为什么是ABC, 不是EBC?为什么是五月的他们，不是三月的我们？想起这次旅行前，老同事（曾在空军中维修飞机）劝我不要去坐小飞机。户外运动的风险当然比坐在家中大，但是，生命的本质，就寓在运动之中啊。夏尔巴人的孩子，也许从小就学习这种用头顶承重的负荷方式了。1400到PHAKDING午餐， 1710到MONJO投宿。我们的向导（左）和背夫（右），向导能英语会话，书写也很漂亮，背夫是他徒弟，看上去18岁都不到吧。 D3 MONJO(2840)—NAMCHE (3440)萨加马塔国家公园门口。在这里查验进山证和购买门票（每人1000卢比）。珠穆朗玛峰（藏语，圣女峰）在尼泊尔语中为萨加马塔峰（SAGARMATHA）,西方人则习惯称埃佛勒斯特峰（MOUNT. EVEREST），是为了纪念英国统治印度和尼泊尔时，负责测量喜马拉雅山脉的印度测量局局长George Everest。办公室内记载每年每月进山人数的表牌，2012年3月还是空白。路遇一位在事故中失去一条胳膊的夏尔巴向导，他仍在继续他的职业。据说今天的路陡升600米比较费劲，结果却没有感觉，上午8：00出发，中午1230即到目的地NAMCHE。下午到市场上去购物，买了气罐，矿泉水，夏尔巴帽等等。投宿HOTEL TIBET.旅馆店堂里纪念1953年新西兰人希拉里和他的夏尔巴向导诺尔盖首次登上珠峰的的招贴。小时候（1956年）我在上海黄陂路南京路口（现上海美术馆）看过一个《印度摄影展览会》，里面有首次登上珠峰的诺尔盖的照片，所以一直以为首次登上珠峰的是个印度人。 D4NAMCHE(3440)--TENGBOCHE(3860)上午10：00从NAMCHE 出发据向导说这座塔是纪念首次登上珠峰的夏尔巴人诺尔盖的。下午1720在一片阴霾中到达TENGBOCHE的客栈 D5TENGBOCHE(3860)--DINGBOCHE(4410)早上起来挂在室内的毛巾成了冰棍，说明室温在零度左右，自己的睡袋加客栈的一条毯子，基本可以睡得比较暖和。早餐。 NAMCHE以上客栈的房价是100卢比/人，早中晚餐的价格基本上是300-450卢比一餐，热水300卢比/一热水瓶，牦牛奶400卢比/一热水瓶，充电300卢比/一次。牦牛所背货物的外包装是“浙江温岭工业园区”的饲料袋。今天是上午820出发，下午1550到DINGBOCHED6DINGBOCHE （4410）今天在DINGBOCHE停留一天，适应海拔。客栈店堂里台湾驴友的帖子。晒鞋，烧水泡方便面。夕阳下的 AMA DABLAM 峰（海拔6858米）D7DINGBOCHE (4410)--LOBUCHE（4940）早餐后在客栈店堂里和房东合影，山上所有的店堂都是同一格局，屋中央通常有个火炉，四周墙边连上约70公分宽50公分高的坐台，上铺毛毡，再放一圈餐桌，白天可当餐厅，晚间遇旺季客人爆满时可让客人睡在坐台上。柜台上贴了告示提醒健行者在此购买巧克力瓶装水等物资，再上去越高越贵。能和心爱的人一起神游喜马拉雅山真是人生莫大的快乐啊，后面是KANGTEGA峰（6778米）早上7：50出发，1020到TUKLA午餐，各国登山队健行者都习惯事先做好不干胶LOGO一路留名，俺们下次也要学这一招。这次只能用随身带的红色唛头笔留名（见上方）。爬坡上了这个垭口是一片开阔地，这里有许多在山难中殒命的夏尔巴人和各国登山者的灵塔。夏尔巴人用石块垒的灵塔。这个德州达拉斯的小伙子25岁就没了，不知是在雪山冲顶中遇难还是在高反中一睡不起了。亲属的铭文是“愿他的灵魂在此永生，我们爱你，我们想你”。在温暖的阳光下看着，读着，泪水忽然涌上了眼眶。缺氧，大脑有点迷糊，在平坦的开阔地，EBC的温和阳光令人感到舒服，空气中好像有一种甜蜜的意味，体力消耗似到极限，几乎想就地躺下不再起来，怎么样？像很多高反患者那样，睡下去就不起来了如何？把所有的烦恼一下全部扔在身后，这样的离开世界也未尝不好啊。亲历过许多长辈和同辈的去世，病人躺在医院病床上，围着一大堆心思各异的亲友，身上插满管子，连着生命监护仪，用各种药物维持血压，心率，血氧饱和度等各项指，延长濒死者的生命，最后再尝试用大电极刺激心脏复苏 - - 难道这样的死就好么？人的血液里，或多或少流动着早先荒野上群居动物的基因，那些喜欢亲近大自然的登山者探险家的生死观，肯定会和一般人有差别啊。我们还在向LOBUCHE靠拢，这位法国大哥已经从EBC下来了，这是我见到的最嬉皮士的“驴友”，脚蹬硬底大皮鞋，身穿一件到处是破洞的皮大衣，用一根带子背着一个SACK (单口帆布袋，或曰小偷越货用的大袋子），没有帽子围巾，没有登山杖，没有开麦拉，可令所有讲究名牌的“装备控”驴友目瞪口呆 - - - - 前方左面是PUMO RI (7165米），右面是LINGTREN (6749米）。下午1510到LOBUCHE, 今天走的路在地图上量得的直线距离是9公里，但实际上上下下的距离是多少，就不清楚了。空中不时响起救援直升机的声音，把严重的高反病人送往加德满都救治，一次救助飞行需5000-6000美元。出发前买过人民币165元的美亚保险，一旦出险只要报保单号就可以得到先行救助，但这样的飞行享受还是不要为好。([]

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郭南季

在8264潜水多年，发过帖子，但都是提问帖，寻求帮助的。这次发一个关于清迈的分享帖。我7月份在清迈赖了半个月，从下面几个方面和大家分享一下赖在那的日子。都是原片，真实再现。希望我能把楼盖完，这个帖子不会烂尾清迈·街拍（39楼，在清迈取现和换汇）清迈·信仰（68楼开始）清迈·夜市（115楼“夜市·小吃”、193楼“夜市·人物”）8264驴·游清迈（225楼）泰北·Pai（250楼开始、286楼粉红主木屋旅馆）清迈·火车站（305楼）、大学（316楼）、双龙寺（321楼）清迈·市场walolo（338楼开始）、Airport Plaza（429楼）清迈·吃（474楼）清迈·住（607楼青旅“little bird”）清迈·店里的手工艺品（665楼）曼谷·terminal 21厕所专（724楼）文字攻略篇（781楼）清迈印象：这是在清迈长康路附近的鲜花市场拍的。清迈地图：看到清迈的第一眼第一晚住的地方（合RMB170，含早餐）后面会对此行住的地方做个总结。清迈的主要交通工具图解：1、最上面的是双条车。清迈的双条车分为六个颜色（红、白、绿、黄、蓝、橘）。红色是随招随停的（20泰铢起），与司机沟通好目的地和价钱，下车付费。另外五种颜色的则行驶固定的路线；2、右下角的是“dudu”40泰铢起，也是随招随停；3、自行车租一天也就50B（合RMB10），“一天”的概念就是24小时；4、老外们通常喜欢租摩托车，这样远近都可以去了。接下来发些街拍照片，都是原片，大家自己找感觉吧在清迈的日子，总能“转角遇上花”。在泰国绕不开的就是寺庙和僧人。后面会有一个寺庙的专很喜欢每家门前的信箱，后面会有一个专几乎每家每户都供养着佛，每天都要拜一拜的：）来点本土的哈几乎每家都会挂的。。。普通的市场，后面会有一个walolo专。先盖到这。。。银行都以颜色区分，持中国的借记卡可以在支持中国银联的ATM机上直接取钱。以下都是可以直接取现的银行：Bangkok Bank（曼谷银行，橙色）KASIkom Bank（泰华农民银行，绿色）TMB（泰国军人银行，蓝红相间）UOB（大华银行）Siam City Bank（泰国城市银行，红色）Siam Commercial Bank（泰国商业银行，紫色）关于取现手续费：泰国的银行，每取一笔，手续费是150B。国内银行手续费一般是取现金额1%+12元。关于换汇，我个人认为可以在国内换好，或在清迈的superrich拿人民币换（美元就更好了），换汇都不错的。我给大家上一个我的工行卡明细截图，能直观体现在清迈ATM取现的费用艺术中心，拿护照去可有免费的中文讲解。在交通高峰期，会有交警给到寺庙参观的游客的车开道哈。([]

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